One of the major challenges in conducting laboratory experiments on rheology and deformation microstructures is to establish a framework for valid extrapolation of the data to Earth. This is challenging because it is almost absolutely impossible to reproduce the physical conditions of deformation that occurs Earth's interior. Although techniques to reproduce temperature and pressure in Earth's deep interior have made major advances in recent years, it is impossible to reproduce the time scale. Large-scale plastic deformation in Earth occur at millions of years time scale, whereas a graduate student must complete his/her Ph D within a few years! Therefore all laboratory experiments (including those conducted by tenured professors!) are made at much shorter time scales than that in Earth and consequently at higher stresses and/or higher temperatures. Extrapolation in pressure is also often needed in many experimental studies on rheology. Under these circumstances, it is critical to establish physically spund scheme for extrapolation of laboratory results on rheology and deformation microstructures. I will use two examples to illustrate the critical issues in extrapolation of laboratory data to Earth: (1) the effects of water and pressure on rheology of olivine and (2) the effects of water, stress and temperature on deformation fabrics of olivine. These two issues are critical to the understanding of rheology of the upper mantle and the origin of seismic anisotropy.
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主催：愛媛大学地球深部ダイナミクス研究センター